❓ What determines coffee roast levels and how do they affect taste?

Coffee roast levels range from light to dark, each producing distinct flavor profiles:

• Light Roast: Bright, acidic, with more original bean flavors and highest caffeine content
• Medium Roast: Balanced flavor, aroma, and acidity with caramel notes
• Dark Roast: Bold, smoky flavor with less acidity and original bean character

Roasting is determined by time and temperature, with beans reaching internal temperatures of 356-464°F (180-240°C). As beans roast darker, they lose moisture and oils come to the surface. First crack occurs around 385°F marking the minimum level for light roast, while second crack around 435°F indicates the beginning of dark roast characteristics.